In clinical practice for diagnosis of anxiety it is very useful to know various predictors which increase the risk of preoperative anxiety in patients. The aim of the study is to identify which predictors (gender, age, type of surgery, type of anaesthesia, previous experience with surgery, time before surgery, and medical diagnosis) are significant predictors of preoperative anxiety. A total of 278 respondents with medical diagnoses requiring abdominal surgery, aged between 18 and 86 years (AM = 46.04; SD = 16.5) participated in the study. To assess anxiety in the patients we used the scale Anxiety Level-12 which was designed by modification of the measurement tool Anxiety Level from the Nursing Outcomes Classification (NOC) and had been validated in the conditions of the Slovak Republic. Anxiety assessment in the patients was carried out before their surgeries in various times (AM = 8 h; SD = 5; Mdn = 6.50). The research was approved by the Ethics Committee. The software SPSS 22.0, multiple linear regression analysis, was used for the statistical data analysis. Gender, type of surgery, type of anaesthesia, and time before surgery are significant predictors of preoperative anxiety; previous experience with surgery, age, and medical diagnosis are non-significant predictors. Knowing the predictors of preoperative anxiety would help nurses identify atrisk patients, thus early implement effective intervention strategies to reduce it and ensure smooth surgery and postoperative period.

V klinickej praxi je pre proces diagnostiky úzkosti veľmi užitočné poznanie rôznych prediktorov, ktoré zvyšujú riziko úzkosti u pacienta pred operáciou. Cieľom štúdie je zistiť, ktoré z premenných (pohlavie, vek, typ operačného zákroku, typ anestézie, predchádzajúca skúsenosť s operáciou, čas do operácie a lekárska diagnóza) sú významnými prediktormi predoperačnej úzkosti. Výskumu sa zúčastnilo 278 respondentov s lekárskymi diagnózami vyžadujúcimi operačný zákrok v oblasti brušnej chirurgie, vo veku od 18 do 86 rokov (AM = 46,04; SD = 16,5). Pre hodnotenie úzkosti bola použitá škála Úroveň úzkosti-12, ktorá vznikla modifikáciou meracieho nástroja Anxiety Level ošetrovateľskej klasifikácie Nursing Outcomes Classification (NOC) a bola validovaná v podmienkach Slovenskej republiky. Hodnotenie úzkosti u pacientov prebiehalo pred operáciou v rôznych časoch (AM = 8 hodín; SD = 5; Mdn = 6,50). Výskum bol schválený etickou komisiou. Na štatistické spracovanie výsledkov sme použili softvér SPSS 22.0, štatistickú metódu – viacnásobnú lineárnu regresiu. Pohlavie, typ operačného zákroku, typ anestézie a čas do operácie patria k významným prediktorom predoperačnej úzkosti, kým predchádzajúca skúsenosť s operáciou, vek a lekárska diagnóza nie sú jej významné prediktory. Poznanie prediktorov predoperačnej úzkosti by sestre pomohlo identifikovať rizikových pacientov, tým včas uskutočniť efektívne intervenčné stratégie na jej redukciu pre zabezpečenie bezproblémového priebehu operácie a pooperačného obdobia.

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