LUPIN AND LUPININ ALKALOIDS: SHOULD WE BE AFRAID OF THEM?

Jiří Patočka, Zdeněk Hon
Jihočeská univerzita v Českých Budějovicích, Zdravotně sociální fakulta, katedra radiologie a toxikologie

Korespondenční autor: Jiří Patočka (prof.patocka@gmail.com)

ISSN 1804-7858 (On-line)

Full verze:

Submitted:22. 9. 2008
Accepted: 26. 11. 2008
Published online: 29. 12. 2008

Summary

Lupin is the common name for members of the genus Lupinus in the legume family. The genus comprises between 200–300 species. The seeds of lupins, commonly called lupin beans, were quite popular in many countries, since can be eaten. These lupins are referred to as sweet lupins because they contain smaller amounts of toxic alkaloids than the bitter lupin varieties. Newly bred variants of sweet lupins are grown extensively in many countries as a cheap nourishment and food stock. Nevertheless, lupins belongs to toxic plant for theirs alkaloids content. Quinolizidine alkaloids lupinine, lupinidine (sparteine), lupanine and anagyrine as well as piperidine alkaloid ammodendrine are hepatotoxic and teratogenic and represents hazard for livestock the same way as humans. The usage of lupins in human alimentation is discussed considering lupine alkaloids from the point of view nutritional toxicology.

Keywords: lupin, lupine alkaloids – lupinine – lupinidine – anagyrine – ammodendrine – livestock poisoning – human nutrition – nutritional toxicology

Souhrn

Lupina je obecný název pro rostliny rodu Lupinus, čeledi bobovitých. Rod zahrnuje 200 až 300 druhů. Semena lupin, známá jako lupinové boby, byly velmi populární v mnoha zemích, protože jsou jedlé. Tyto lupiny jsou označovány jako jedlé lupiny, protože obsahují menší množství jedovatých alkaloidů než odrůdy hořkých lupin. V poslední době jsou varianty sladkých lupin intenzivně pěstovány v mnoha zemích jako levné krmivo pro dobytek. Nicméně, lupiny jsou řazeny mezi jedovaté rostliny pro obsah jejich alkaloidů. Chinolizidinové alkaloidy lupinin, lupinidin (spartein), lupanin a anagyrin, a rovněž tak piperidinový alkaloid ammodendrin, jsou hepatotoxické a teratogenní a představují riziko pro dobytek stejně jako pro lidi. Je diskutováno využití lupiny ve výživě lidí s ohledem na přítomnost lupininových alkaloidů z pohledu nutriční toxikologie.

Klíčová slova: lupina – lupininové alkaloidy – lupinin – lupinidin – anagyrin – ammodendrin – otravy dobytka – lidská výživa – nutriční toxikologie

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